Following is a summary of current science news briefs.

What caused holes in Sue the T. rex’s jawbone? Scientists are stumped

Sue, the biggest and best preserved Tyrannosaurus rex ever unearthed, no doubt was a fearsome beast when this predator prowled what is now South Dakota about 67 million years ago at the twilight of the age of dinosaurs. But even this huge dinosaur, whose fossils are displayed at the Field Museum in Chicago, was not invulnerable. A prime example of this is the series of circular holes in Sue’s jawbone that continue to baffle scientists. New research seeking an explanation for these holes has managed to rule out one major hypothesis, though the answer remains elusive.

More penguins dying from avian flu at Cape Town’s Boulders beach colony

More penguins have died from avian flu at the colony at Cape Town’s Boulders beach, a popular tourist attraction and an important breeding site in South Africa, raising concerns for the species and for other seabirds. David Roberts, a clinical veterinarian at the South African Foundation For The Conservation Of Coastal Birds, said at least 28 out of around 3,000 penguins in the colony had died from the disease since the middle of August.

(With inputs from agencies.)

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COPENHAGEN, Denmark (AP) — The Danish Energy Agency says one of two ruptured natural gas pipelines in the Baltic Sea appears to have stopped leaking natural gas.

The agency said on Twitter on Saturday that it had been informed by the company operating the Nord Stream 2 pipeline that pressure appears to have stabilized in the pipeline, which runs from Russia to Germany.

“This indicates that the leaking of gas in this pipeline has ceased,” the Danish Energy Agency said.

Undersea blasts that damaged the Nord Stream I and 2 pipelines this week have led to huge methane leaks. Nordic investigators said the blasts have involved several hundred pounds of explosives.

Russian President Vladimir Putin on Friday accused the West of sabotaging the Russia-built pipelines, a charge vehemently denied by the United States and its allies.

The U.S.-Russia clashes continued later at an emergency meeting of the U.N. Security Council in New York called by Russia on the pipelines attacks and as Norwegian researchers published a map projecting that a huge plume of methane from the damaged pipelines will travel over large swaths of the Nordic region.

Speaking Friday in Moscow, Putin claimed that “Anglo-Saxons” in the West have turned from imposing sanctions on Russia to “terror attacks,” sabotaging the pipelines in what he described as an attempt to “destroy the European energy infrastructure.”

In Washington, U.S. President Joe Biden dismissed Putin’s pipeline claims as outlandish.

“It was a deliberate act of sabotage. And now the Russians are pumping out disinformation and lies. We will work with our allies to get to the bottom (of) precisely what happened,” Biden promised. “Just don’t listen to what Putin’s saying. What he’s saying we know is not true.”

U.S. officials said the Putin claim was trying to shift attention from his annexation Friday of parts of Ukraine.

“We’re not going to let Russia’s disinformation distract us or the world from its transparently fraudulent attempt to annex sovereign Ukrainian territory,” White House National Security Council spokeswoman Adrienne Watson said Friday.

European nations, which have been reeling under soaring energy prices caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, have noted that it is Russia, not Europe, that benefits from chaos in the energy markets and spiking prices for energy.

The U.S. has long opposed to the two pipelines and had repeatedly urged Germany to halt them, saying they increased Europe’s energy dependence on Russia and decreased its security. Since the war in Ukraine began in February, Russia has cut back supplies of natural gas sent to Europe to heat homes, generate electricity and run factories. European leaders have accused Putin of using “energy blackmail” to divide them in their strong support for Ukraine.

The attacks on the pipelines have prompted energy companies and European governments to beef up security around energy infrastructure.

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Follow all AP stories about climate change issues at https://apnews.com/hub/climate-and-environment and stories about the war in Ukraine at https://apnews.com/hub/russia-ukraine.

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NASA and SpaceX will conduct a study to look at the feasibility of using SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft to boost NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope into a higher, more stable orbit, which could extend its lifespan, according to an announcement on Thursday.

Currently, 32-year-old Hubble—which is set to retire at the end of the decade—is orbiting about 335 miles above Earth. However, the orbit is “slowly decaying over time” because of atmospheric drag, so boosting Hubble to a higher, more stable orbit could add several operational years to its life. Since 2009—the last time the telescope was serviced—it has moved about 18 miles lower. 

SpaceX proposed this study to NASA in partnership with its Polaris Program—billionaire Jared Isaacman’s human spaceflight program—to better understand the technical challenges of a servicing mission. The study, which will collect technical data from Hubble and SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft, is expected to take up to six months to complete. In particular, data from the study will help to determine if it is viable to “safely rendezvous, dock and move the telescope into a more stable orbit.” 

“This study is an exciting example of the innovative approaches NASA is exploring through private-public partnerships,” NASA’s associate administrator for science, Thomas Zurbuchen, said.

“SpaceX and the Polaris Program want to expand the boundaries of current technology and explore how commercial partnerships can creatively solve challenging, complex problems,” said Jessica Jensen, vice president of customer operations and integration at SpaceX. “Missions such as servicing Hubble would help us expand space capabilities to ultimately help all of us achieve our goals of becoming a space-faring, multiplanetary civilization.”

According to NASA, the agency and SpaceX signed an unfunded Space Act Agreement last week. NASA noted that the agency does not have plans to conduct or fund a mission or go through with moving Hubble, instead emphasizing that this is a study that will examine the commercial possibilities. 

“I want to be absolutely clear,” Zurbuchen said at a press conference on Thursday. “We’re not making an announcement today that we definitely will go forward with a plan like this.”

Additionally, this study is not exclusive, so other companies can “propose similar studies with different rockets or spacecraft as their model.” Rather, the focus is on exploring the possibilities. 

In regards to what the study will examine, Jensen noted that it is mostly looking at technical aspects, but “we’re going to look at all the different options. At this point, everything is on the table. That’s part of feasibility studies, and that’s part of development.” According to Jensen, for example, the study could indicate that crewed missions are not necessary. 

As part of the study, NASA and SpaceX will theorize a method to raise Hubble to its initial orbit of 373 miles above Earth, with a commercially-crewed Dragon capsule to service the telescope. If the original altitude is achieved, NASA estimated that it could extend the life of Hubble by 15 or 20 years. 

Hubble was first launched into orbit in 1990, with a planned lifespan of approximately 15 years. The telescope has since more than doubled that estimate.

At the end of Hubble’s life, the agency plans to safely deorbit and dispose of the telescope. Last year, the agency launched Hubble’s successor, the James Webb telescope, which orbits much further away from Earth and is not intended as a wholesale Hubble-replacement. Webb produced its first images earlier this year.

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I spoke with David Linthicum, Chief Cloud Strategy Officer at Deloitte Consulting, about supercloud technology, and how companies can navigate the cloud skills gap.

Among the topics we covered: 

• Let’ talk about the cloud skills gap and how that’s impacting digital transformation – how big of a problem is it?
• How can companies hire and train professionals to keep pace with cloud’s rapid growth?
• What is the supercloud? And why can’t we just call it a “multi-cloud management system”?
• In terms of market competition, the emergence of a supercloud seems to de-emphasize the leading hyperscalers, true? They would be merely building blocks of the supercloud.
• Who are the winners and losers as the supercloud emerges?
• The future of the supercloud? Despite a name focused on cloud, could it grow to consume all IT deployments – the edge, in-house data centers, etc?

Listen to the podcast:

Also available on Apple Podcasts

Watch the video:

James Maguire is eWeek’s Editor-in-Chief and has been reporting on emerging technology for more than 15 years. He has won two ASBPE Awards of Excellence for in-depth feature articles about cloud computing and artificial intelligence. He has covered the gamut of enterprise and consumer technology, and regularly communicates with leading IT newsmakers, vendors and analysts.

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Hurricane Ian made landfall on Florida’s southwestern coast Wednesday as a strong Category 4 storm, making it one of only 15 Category 4 or 5 hurricanes on record to hit the state.

Its rating could understate how much destruction the storm brings.

Even as Ian gathered strength and neared Category 5 status, experts warned that solely paying attention to a hurricane’s category often masks just how destructive and life-threatening these storms can be — particularly as climate change makes hurricanes both rainier and more intense.

Hurricane Ian is already proving to be a devastating storm. After knocking out power to all of Cuba on Tuesday, Ian is forecast to dump up to 24 inches of rain over parts of Florida and trigger up to 18-foot storm surges from Englewood to Bonita Beach, according to the National Hurricane Center.

And the sheer size of Ian isn’t conveyed by its category.

In the days leading up to Ian’s landfall, many drew comparisons to Hurricane Charley, which struck Florida’s southwestern coast as a Category 4 storm in 2004. But while past hurricanes can provide helpful context, Ian is sure to be a wildly different storm, said Kimberly Wood, an assistant professor of meteorology at Mississippi State University.

“We’re looking at a similar category as Hurricane Charley, but the impacts will be very, very different,” they said.

Many of the most destructive and potentially deadly impacts of a hurricane — including storm surge, flooding and rainfall — are not accounted for in a storm’s category number. That’s because these categories refer to a storm’s rating on what’s known as the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, which ranks hurricanes from 1 to 5 based on a storm’s maximum sustained wind speed.

The categories are used to estimate potential damage to property from hurricane winds, but where it becomes problematic is if people use the rankings to gauge other impacts on land.

“It has nothing to do with the size of a storm, and it has very little to do with how much rain is produced,” Wood said. “People hyper-focus on the category when the category is a very small part of the picture of what a hurricane might do to a location.”

Hurricane Ian’s rainfall projections across Florida are a major concern and fit within a broader trend of storms becoming rainier in recent years due to climate change. A warmer atmosphere can hold more moisture, which often means heavy rain and catastrophic flooding when these storms make landfall.

Warmer ocean waters and other changes associated with climate change could also help hurricanes like Ian intensify rapidly as they near shore, said Karthik Balaguru, a climate scientist with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

As they approach the coast, major hurricanes can generate life-threatening storm surge, which refers to the abnormal rise in water levels because of the storm. Even lower-ranked hurricanes on the Saffir-Simpson scale can generate huge storm surge.

In 2005, Hurricane Katrina reached Category 5 status as it churned over the Gulf of Mexico but weakened to a Category 3 storm before it made landfall first in Louisiana and then in Mississippi, where it created a record 27.8-foot storm surge.

Floodwaters from Hurricane Katrina fill the streets near downtown New Orleans, on Aug. 30, 2005.David J. Phillip / AP file

“If you were thinking it’s only a Category 3 hurricane, you would definitely not think of a 28-foot storm surge,” said Brian McNoldy, a senior research associate at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science.

Hurricane Ike slammed the Texas Gulf Coast in 2008 as a Category 2 storm, generating a 15-foot storm surge in Galveston Island — “way higher than people might think for a Category 2 hurricane,” McNoldy said.

Both storm surge and rainfall intensity are also affected by the speed of a hurricane — another reason why the true risks of a hurricane extend beyond its category number.

“Hurricane Ian is a very large, slow-moving hurricane. Its winds are blowing over a large surface area that enables it to push more saltwater, and also its winds are prolonged over time,” said Hal Needham, an extreme weather and disaster scientist with the GeoTrek project, a science media site operated by the insurance company CNC Catastrophe & National Claims. “I think we’ll see tens of thousands of homes taking in saltwater, and fast-flowing saltwater at that.”

Jennifer Collins, a professor of geosciences at the University of South Florida, wrote in an email that it’s “quite clear” that many people don’t understand what the Saffir-Simpson scale represents.

Collins said her research shows that many people set thresholds for evacuation that hinge on the ratings, with some only choosing to leave if the hurricane becomes a Category 3 or higher, leaving them open to flood risk from storm surge and intense rainfall not captured by the scale. 

Collins is among many researchers who have outlined new systems to better help people identify their risk. 

“There have been several alternative scales proposed over the years and none have gained enough attention or traction by the National Hurricane Center,” Collins said.

The new rating system she developed alongside others in 2021 factors storm surge, extreme rainfall and wind hazard into its analysis.

“We are working on further research to inform us how the public perceives our newly proposed scale,” Collins said. “It is important to have such evidence before even proposing to the National Hurricane Center that this should be considered as a replacement.”

Lakshmi Kantha, a professor emeritus at the University of Colorado who has studied hurricanes and the rating system’s performance, said the Saffir-Simpson scale does not do enough to convey a storm’s danger to the public.

“It’s really deficient,” he said, adding that the scale should take into account a hurricane’s size.

Kantha said the National Hurricane Center acts conservatively and carefully with changes, particularly those with legal implications. But he said even small measures could improve public understanding, such as making the scale continuous.

“The least the hurricane center can do is get rid of the discrete nature of the Saffir-Simpson scale,” Kantha said. “The American public can understand 3.5.”

Such a measure would no longer cap the scale at Category 5, he said, which could help communicate hurricane intensity in a world where climate change, and warmer ocean waters, are fueling more intense storms. 

With Ian proving to be one of the most powerful hurricanes to hit the United States in decades, Wood urged people across Florida to heed warnings from local officials and the National Hurricane Center.

“This is a very serious situation,” they said. “I just ache for everyone in Ian’s path.”

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Health Data Research UK, the UK’s national institute for health data science, has today announced a new partnership programme to share data science approaches to address major public health challenges in low- and middle-income countries.

 

Through HDR Global, the institute will work in partnership with The Global Health Network (TGHN) and its network of partner organisations in Africa, Asia and South America to enable health data science studies across a wide range of disease areas and health challenges, to improve health outcomes for all. 

 

HDR Global will assist with sharing data science skills and connecting best practice across the global network to enable trustworthy data access, re-use and analysis in regions and communities where evidence to tackle threats to public health is lacking. This will enable researchers to tackle locally-set, priority health challenges by improving access to, and analysis of, all forms of health-relevant data.  It will also address inequity in where data is collected and who benefits from the evidence. In doing so, this will facilitate knowledge sharing on data science approaches, technology, standards and policies that are most appropriate in different contexts and health settings.  

 

Led by Professor Trudie Lang, HDR UK Global Research Director and Head of The Global Health Network, HDR Global will build on the International COVID-19 Data Alliance (ICODA) initiative, which has supported research studies using innovative data science approaches to address research challenges focussed on COVID-19. HDR Global will continue to convene the ICODA Programme and support the ICODA Grand Challenges Driver Projects.  

 

Professor Andrew Morris said: 

“We are delighted to be working globally. The HDR Global programme will be working to enable researchers to share knowledge, learn from others and use health data science approaches to address major public health challenges. By working in partnership with established organisations and networks, we aim to harness the power of health data to enable discoveries that improve people’s lives on a global scale.” 

 

Professor Trudie Lang said: 

“I am excited to be leading the HDR Global partnership programme, bringing together The Global Health Network, our regional partners & HDR UK to accelerate research progress on major global health challenges using data science approaches. The programme will facilitate knowledge sharing, capacity building and connecting excellence, as well as empowering researchers to share their innovative work, expertise and knowledge globally.”

 

For more information about the programme, please visit HDRGlobal.org

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.

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A NASA spacecraft rammed an asteroid at blistering speed Monday in an unprecedented dress rehearsal for the day a killer rock menaces Earth.

The galactic grand slam occurred at a harmless asteroid 7 million miles (9.6 million kilometers) away, with the spacecraft named Dart plowing into the small space rock at 14,000 mph (22,500 kph). Scientists expected the impact to carve out a crater, hurl streams of rocks and dirt into space and, most importantly, alter the asteroid’s orbit. Telescopes around the world and in space aimed at the same point in the sky to capture the spectacle. Though the impact was immediately obvious — Dart’s radio signal abruptly ceased — it will be days or even weeks to determine how much the asteroid’s path was changed.

The $325 million mission was the first attempt to shift the position of an asteroid or any other natural object in space.

“No, this is not a movie plot,” NASA Administrator Bill Nelson tweeted earlier in the day.

”We’ve all seen it on movies like ‘Armageddon,’ but the real-life stakes are high,” he said in a prerecorded video.Monday’s target: a 525-foot (160-meter) asteroid named Dimorphos. It’s actually a moonlet of Didymos, Greek for twin, a fast-spinning asteroid five times bigger that flung off the material that formed the junior partner.

The pair have been orbiting the sun for eons without threatening Earth, making them ideal save-the-world test candidates.Launched last November, the vending machine-size Dart — short for Double Asteroid Redirection Test — navigated to its target using new technology developed by Johns Hopkins University’s Applied Physics Laboratory, the spacecraft builder and mission manager. Dart’s on-board camera, a key part of this smart navigation system, caught sight of Dimorphos barely an hour before impact. “Woo hoo,” exclaimed Johns Hopkins mission systems engineer Elena Adams. “We’re seeing Dimorphos, so wonderful, wonderful.” With an image beaming back to Earth every second, Adams and other ground controllers in Laurel, Maryland, watched with growing excitement as Dimorphos loomed larger and larger in the field of view alongside its bigger companion. A mini satellite followed a few minutes behind to take photos of the impact. The Italian Cubesat was released from Dart two weeks ago.

Scientists insisted Dart would not shatter Dimorphos. The spacecraft packed a scant 1,260 pounds (570 kilograms), compared with the asteroid’s 11 billion pounds (5 billion kilograms). But that should be plenty to shrink its 11-hour, 55-minute orbit around Didymos.The impact should pare 10 minutes off that, but telescopes will need anywhere from a few days to nearly a month to verify the new orbit. The anticipated orbital shift of 1% might not sound like much, scientists noted. But they stressed it would amount to a significant change over years.

Planetary defense experts prefer nudging a threatening asteroid or comet out of the way, given enough lead time, rather than blowing it up and creating multiple pieces that could rain down on Earth. Multiple impactors might be needed for big space rocks or a combination of impactors and so-called gravity tractors, not-yet-invented devices that would use their own gravity to pull an asteroid into a safer orbit.

“The dinosaurs didn’t have a space program to help them know what was coming, but we do,” NASA’s senior climate adviser Katherine Calvin said, referring to the mass extinction 66 million years ago believed to have been caused by a major asteroid impact, volcanic eruptions or both.The non-profit B612 Foundation, dedicated to protecting Earth from asteroid strikes, has been pushing for impact tests like Dart since its founding by astronauts and physicists 20 years ago. Monday’s feat aside, the world must do a better job of identifying the countless space rocks lurking out there, warned the foundation’s executive director, Ed Lu, a former astronaut. Significantly less than half of the estimated 25,000 near-Earth objects in the deadly 460-foot (140-meter) range have been discovered, according to NASA. And fewer than 1% of the millions of smaller asteroids, capable of widespread injuries, are known.

The Vera Rubin Observatory, nearing completion in Chile by the National Science Foundation and U.S. Energy Department, promises to revolutionize the field of asteroid discovery, Lu noted. Finding and tracking asteroids, “That’s still the name of the game here. That’s the thing that has to happen in order to protect the Earth,” he said.

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Washington [US], September 26 (ANI): Scientists have identified the mechanism by which Williams-Beuren Syndrome enhances the ability to discriminate between sounds as interneuron hyperexcitability in the auditory cortex.

Understanding what causes the superior auditory ability in WBS patients may provide a target for treating the disease in addition to helping advance research on the ability to discriminate between sounds. WBS offers insight into the mechanisms that underlie enhanced auditory abilities. For instance, some people with WBS have perfect pitch, which is the ability to differentiate between notes or frequencies without a reference guide.

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“WBS stands out among neurodevelopmental disorders because children with the disorder, despite profound learning disabilities, can have a higher prevalence of superior musical and linguistic abilities than children in the general population,” said corresponding author Stanislav Zakharenko, M.D., Ph.D., St. Jude Department of Developmental Neurobiology. “We were fascinated by that and wanted to know more about how a disorder that is caused by a loss of 27 genes could help individuals gain a better than normal ability for auditory processing.”

Excited neurons in the auditory cortex

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Mouse models of WBS have an enhanced ability to discriminate between sound frequencies. These mice also have improved frequency coding in the auditory cortex, the part of the brain that processes sound. The researchers showed that the enhanced ability to discriminate between frequencies is caused by hyperexcitable interneurons in the auditory cortex.

To understand the cellular biology that underlies enhanced auditory abilities in WBS patients, the researchers conducted an RNAseq experiment. The data led the researchers to a neuropeptide receptor called VIPR1, which is reduced in the auditory cortex of individuals with WBS. The reduction in VIPR1 was also found in cerebral organoids, advanced models made in the laboratory using human induced pluripotent stem cells.

The scientists found that the transcription factor Gtf2ird1, encoded by one of the 27 genes lost in those with WBS, regulates VIPR1. Deleting or overexpressing VIPR1 in the auditory cortex can mimic or reverse the auditory effects seen in WBS. Thus, it is Gtf2ird1 downregulating VIPR1 that is responsible for the impact of WBS on auditory ability.

“I didn’t know a lot about VIPR1 before it popped up in our data because the role of this family of receptors in the brain is under-appreciated compared to other neuromodulator or neurotransmitter receptors,” said first-author Christopher Davenport, St. Jude Department of Developmental Neurobiology. “Our findings show that they can strongly impact information processing and behavior and are likely relevant for other behaviors and diseases as well.”

“This work suggests that reducing neuronal hyperexcitability might be a general mechanism for treating WBS through targeting VIPR1,” Zakharenko said. “It also opens up new directions to learn about musicality and how our brain differentiates sounds based on these findings in models of WBS.” (ANI)

(This is an unedited and auto-generated story from Syndicated News feed, LatestLY Staff may not have modified or edited the content body)

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Image Source : FREEPIK Instagram

Meta-owned Instagram has rolled out a new feature globally that will allow users to upload longer uninterrupted Stories.

Currently, if an Instagram user uploads a Story that’s under 60 seconds, it is broken up into 15-second clips.

“Now, you’ll be able to play and create Stories continuously for up to 60 seconds, instead of being automatically cut into 15 second clips,” a Meta spokesperson told TechCrunch.

“We are always working on ways to improve the Stories experience,” the spokesperson added.

The viewers will also no longer have to continually tap to get through a long video that they may not actually want to see.

In addition, the ability to post longer uninterrupted Stories somewhat blurs the lines between Stories and Reels, as you now have two options when it comes to posting a 60-second video.

In June, Instagram added support for longer Reels of up to 90 seconds, up from the previous 60 second-limit.

Meta-owned photo-sharing platform Instagram is also testing a new Stories layout that hides excessive posts.

Users can currently post 100 Stories at once. While this number should remain the same despite the change, users who have received the update must tap a “Show All” button

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Many farmers battled extreme drought and heatwave conditions this year. The social and economic impacts of drought are nothing new. In fact, as Korea’s Joseon dynasty (1392-1910) was agrarian and highly reliant on the rice crops, the country was particularly sensitive to both droughts and torrential rains, making great efforts to minimize the damage.

Professor Jonghun Kam (Environmental Science and Engineering) at POSTECH and Chang-Kyun Park, researcher at the Institute of Environment and Energy Technology, have developed a self-calibrating effective drought index (scEDI) through joint research. This new index enabled them to explore 250 years of drought data, starting from late Joseon dynasty to date, comparing and analyzing precipitation records.

The EDI, a typical tool to determine the severity of droughts, is designed to monitor and characterize drought conditions on a daily scale. The index uses the last 30 years of daily precipitation records. In other words, the reference period determines EDI values, making it difficult to compare values over a long record period.

Professor Kam’s research team is the first to propose a self-calibrating EDI and use it to analyze the daily precipitation observed in Seoul from year 1777 through 2020. The scEDI that automatically calibrates the index behavior over time can maintain consistency in comparison by evaluating droughts of the same intensity and frequency.

Notably, this research employed the historical records of the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty (Joseon Wangjo Sillok) and daily precipitation data measured with Joseon’s rain gauge (chukwookee). The study demonstrated the value of unprecedentedly meticulous records left by the Koreans from that period.

The comparison between the records from Joseon era and the online search results of today implies that our predecessors were more sensitive to drought. Most drought damage records and spikes of public interest in droughts coincide with when droughts are moderate (-1.4 of scEDI) and severe (-2.0), respectively.

The findings infer that socioeconomic drought impacts hinge on the socioeconomic structure. As a valuable tool to quantitatively assess drought impacts, the scEDI has the potential to identify droughts with social consequences in advance.

Professor Kam explained, “The scEDI proposed in this study features automatic calibration corresponding to the climate of the reference period, enabling temporal detection and comparison of droughts (in terms of severity, duration, and intensity). This suggests a new research methodology for social droughts, which have been difficult to study in comparison with other drought-related categories: meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological.” He added, “Understanding both the social impacts of droughts and how they have been addressed will provide the Korean public with action plans to be prepared for future droughts in advance.”

Recently published in the Journal of Hydrology, the study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (Sejong Science Fellowship Program and Mid-career Researcher Program) and the National Disaster Management Research Institute (Cooperative Research Method and Safety Management Technology in National Disaster).

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Materials provided by Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH). Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

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